So in short, they are all parts of RAM, since everything that is being executed is loaded into RAM (can't be in ROM (read only), nor HDD since HDD its just for storing files. Binary file also has some headers containing information from which location (address in memory) your code begins. There are some other segments, but they are not of interest here, and that is loaded in RAM by the operating system. Then all of the segments are piled one after the other DATA, CODE, BSS, STACK, HEAP. ![]() This is part of the RAM (size is also determined by OS) where the objects and data are stored using operator new. When you call some function first func args are pushed to stack, then return address (where to come back when u exit function), then some computer registers are pushed here, and finally all local variables declared in the function get their reserved space on stack.Īnd you have HEAP segment. You can change this value but i won't get into this now. Stack size is determined by operating system by default. There goes uninitialized global vars (all static vars that weren't initialized). All your code is translated into machine code (1s and 0s) and stored in this segment consecutively. int a=3, b = 4 they will go to DATA segment (4 bytes of RAM containing 00000003h, and other 4 bytes containing 000000004h, hexadecimal notation). This is the segment that contains values of initialized variables. When you compile something compiler (and linker) will organize and translate your code to machine code (byte code, ones and zeroes) in a following way:īinary file (and object files) is organized into segments (portions of RAM).įirst you have DATA segment. You have your code with static initialized data, with some static uninitialized data (static in C++ means like global vars). I won't get into virtual memory (read about that if you want) so let's simplify and say you have RAM of some size. fragmentation problems can occur, it is slower then the Stack, and it handles large amounts of memory better.īut what is a stack, and what is a heap? is it the way memory is stored? for example a static array or static vector is a stack type and a dynamic array, linked list a heap type? For an object to be stored on the Heap it needs to be told by using the, new, operator, and will only be deallocated if told. The Heap is a place in the RAM where memory is stored, if it runs out of space, the OS will assign it more. Objects are stored here by default, it reallocates memory when objects go out of scope, and it is faster. The Stack is a place in the RAM where memory is stored, if it runs out of space, a stackoverflow occurs. I know what the Stack is and what the Heap is.īut I'm confused on what a stack is and what a heap is. Do you want to be informed about new tutorials and articles? Then click here to sign up for the Happ圜 newsletter.I'm studying for my data organization final and I'm going over stacks and heaps because I know they will be on the final and I'm going to need to know the differences. If you still have questions, please ask them via the comment function. LinkedTransferQueue to block a producer thread until the element has been transferred to a consumer thread. ![]() SynchronousQueue to transfer elements synchronously from a producer to a consumer.DelayQueue to retrieve elements after a given waiting time.PriorityQueue and PriorityBlockingQueue to retrieve elements sorted by priority.The following queues are for special purposes: LinkedBlockingDeque as a thread-safe, blocking, bounded deque.LinkedBlockingQueue as a thread-safe, blocking, bounded queue if you expect a rather high contention between producer and consumer threads (it is best to test which implementation is better performing for your use case).ArrayBlockingQueue as a thread-safe, blocking, bounded queue, provided you expect little contention between producer and consumer threads.ConcurrentLinkedQueue and ConcurrentLinkedDeque as thread-safe, non-blocking, and unbounded queues/deques.Use ArrayDeque for single-threaded applications.The following are my recommendations for general purpose use: The usage recommendations are based on the characteristics of the JDK queue and deque implementations, which are described in more detail in the linked articles. What Java Implementations Are Available, and Which Should You Use? The differences between the respective data structures are explained in the following articles: ![]() For details, see the main article about the deque data structure.
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